Table 3 Results of spatial regression

Intercept

− 4.23

[− 4.72, − 3.81]

− 2.91

[− 3.28, − 2.61]

Ambient population variables

 Factor 1: Suburban residential area

0.13

[− 0.27, 0.51]

0.27

[0.10, 0.46]

 Factor 2: Place of work and shopping with office and shopping areas

− 0.04

[− 0.33, 0.23]

0.03

[− 0.13, 0.18]

 Factor 3: Areas with many students in or near high schools

and universities

− 0.01

[− 0.37, 0.26]

0.10

[− 0.05, 0.23]

 Factor 4: Nightlife in the downtown area, shopping destinations for young and older women

0.12

[− 0.02, 0.23]

0.13

[0.03, 0.23]

 Factor 5: Residential area with a large number of young people

0.14

[− 0.10, 0.34]

0.13

[0.00, 0.25]

 Factor 6: Residential area with a stable population of people in their 30s–50s

− 0.01

[− 0.24, 0.19]

− 0.06

[− 0.20, 0.06]

 Factor 7: Places of work for men, such as factories

− 0.05

[− 0.38, 0.22]

0.06

[− 0.07, 0.19]

 Factor 8: Daytime activity places for young women and older people, such as hospitals and welfare facilities

0.12

[− 0.10, 0.33]

0.19

[0.07, 0.31]

Built-environment variables

 Building area

− 0.10

[− 0.85, 0.57]

0.39

[0.07, 0.73]

 Total street length

0.63

[0.14, 1.11]

0.50

[0.25, 0.78]

Facility variables

 Number of train stations

0.31

[0.12, 0.49]

0.09

[− 0.03, 0.21]

 Number of bus stops

− 0.05

[− 0.28, 0.19]

0.05

[− 0.08, 0.18]

 Number of high schools

0.26

[0.04, 0.45]

0.10

[− 0.03, 0.22]

 Number of universities and junior colleges

− 0.07

[− 0.45, 0.16]

− 0.09

[− 0.25, 0.05]

 Number of life-related and entertainment services

0.14

[− 0.20, 0.45]

0.01

[− 0.19, 0.21]

\(\tau\)

0.01

[0.00, 0.04]

2.35

[1.00, 4.50]

\(\rho\)

0.35

[0.02, 0.91]

0.24

[0.02, 0.61]

DIC

378.4

1265.9

DIC (without ambient population variables)

369.5

1274.2

DIC (without random effect with spatial correlation)

378.8

1387.8