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Table 4 Contingency table of investigations using specific criminal service provider data (left) versus the criminal involvement of unknown persons (top) (\(\chi ^2(1)=4.426, p=0.035\), Cramer’s V\(=0.15, p<0.001\), \(\alpha =0.01\)). Boldface percentages are discussed in the text

From: Going dark? Analysing the impact of end-to-end encryption on the outcome of Dutch criminal court cases

Investigation

No unknown

With unknown

Total

Persons

Persons

Row

Column (%)

Without data from

55

69

124

 

Criminal service providers

44.4%

55.6%

100.0%

63.3

With data from

21

51

72

 

Criminal service providers

29.2%

70.8%

100.0%

36.7

Total

76

120

196

 
 

38.8%

61.2%

100.0%

100.0