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Table 2 Contingency table of court judgments using specific technology (left) versus special power used by law enforcement (top) (\(\chi ^2(6)=336.31, p<0.001\), Cramer’s V\(=0.35, p<0.001\), \(\alpha =0.01\), and for the table without the first column with a zero cell count: \(\chi ^2(4)=94.73, p<0.001\), Cramer’s V\(=0.30, p<0.001\), \(\alpha =0.01\)). Boldface percentages are discussed in the text

From: Going dark? Analysing the impact of end-to-end encryption on the outcome of Dutch criminal court cases

Judgments

No

Tapped

Readout

Located

Total

 

Special

Only

w/ or w/o

w/ or w/o

Row

Column (%)

 

Power

 

Tapped

Tapped, readout

  

WhatsApp

177

153

85

22

437

 
 

40.5%

35.0%

19.5%

5.0%

100.0%

32.5

PGP

87

145

123

84

439

 
 

19.8%

33.0%

28.0%

19.1%

100.0%

32.6

Comparison

0

338

91

40

469

 
 

0.0%

72.1%

19.4%

8.5%

100.0%

34.9

Total

264

636

299

146

1,345

 
 

19.6%

47.3%

22.2%

10.9%

100.0%

100.0