A multilevel examination of the association between COVID-19 restrictions and residence-to-crime distance

Crime Science

Table 4 Factors associated with offense-specific residence-to-crime distance in midwest suburb

Variable	Violent (N = 282)	Property (N = 1552)	Disorder (N = 1092)
Level 1
Time period (ref. = During)
Pre-Safer-at-Home	0.392*	0.085*	0.069
Post-Safer-at-Home	0.189	0.093*	0.064
Age (ref. = age 0–17 years)
18–24	0.180	− 0.005	− 0.003
25–34	0.079	0.018	− 0.053
35+	0.018	0.014	− 0.148**
Male (ref. = Female)	– 0.030	0.007	0.006
Race (ref. = White)
AIAN	0.000	− 0.058	0.277
Asian	0.521	0.017	− 0.033
Black	0.103	− 0.020	− 0.086*
Month (ref. = Jan)
Feb	− 0.209	0.047*	− 0.001
Mar	− 0.101	0.059*	− 0.053
Apr	− 0.020	0.080**	− 0.098
May	− 0.046	0.033	− 0.056
June	0.015	0.060*	0.002
July	− 0.154	0.006	− 0.103
Aug	− 0.114	0.045	− 0.136*
Sep	0.090	0.005	− 0.134*
Oct	− 0.457**	0.007	− 0.099
Nov	− 0.096	0.013	− 0.272*
Dec	− 0.233	0.030	− 0.091
Level 2—home block group
Population density (× 100)	− 0.001	− 0.001	− 0.002**
% Young males	0.030*	0.011*	0.021**
Concentrated poverty	0.965***	− 0.092	0.339*
Residential instability	0.007	0.042	0.015
Racial diversity	0.147	− 0.438**	− 0.369
Level 2—crime block group
Population density (× 100)	− 0.005***	− 0.005***	− 0.004***
% Young males	− 0.045*	− 0.001	0.008
Concentrated poverty	0.158	− 0.501*	0.146
Residential instability	− 0.001	0.067	− 0.027
Racial diversity	− 0.565	0.053	− 0.315
Constant	1.717***	2.308***	2.510***

ISSN: 2193-7680