|
Akin Gump Strauss Hauer & Feld LLP
|
(2018)
|
Alert
|
Law
|
Court case
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
Unspecified fraud, Ponzi schemes, market manipulation
|
Not reported
|
|
Bolster
|
(2019)
|
Report
|
Artificial intelligence/cybersecurity
|
Anecdotal evidence
|
N/A
|
Libra, Cybertruck
|
Counterfeiting, fishing, fake ICOs, scam giveaways and discount scams
|
Partially reported
|
|
Burrus, Refinitiv
|
(2018)
|
Article
|
Financial services
|
Anecdotal evidence
|
N/A
|
Bitcoin
|
Fake ICOs, Ponzi schemes, pump-and-dumps
|
Partially reported
|
|
Chainalysis
|
(2020)
|
Report
|
Fintech
|
Global Crypto Adoption Index for all countries using analytics from SimilarWeb, data from LocalBitcoins and Paxful
|
'Global Crypto Adoption Index'
|
BCH, BTC, ETH, LTC, OMG, PAX, USDC, USD
|
Investment scams, other scams
|
Not reported
|
|
Chainalysis
|
(2019)
|
Report
|
Fintech
|
Ethereum addresses and users
|
N/A
|
Ethereum
|
Phishing schemes, Ponzi, ICO exit scams
|
Fully reported
|
|
Chernin et al., Cornerstone
|
(2020)
|
Report
|
Law
|
Court cases
|
N/A
|
Bitcon, Litecoin, My Big Coin, ATM Coin, CompCoin
|
Unspecified fraud, Ponzi schemes, CPO/CTA Fraud, options fraud, forex fraud, wash trading
|
Not reported
|
|
Ciphertrace
|
(2018)
|
Report
|
Fintech
|
Anecdotal evidence (other data was used for money laundering but for the actual fraud ones it was just anecdotal)
|
N/A
|
Ethereum
|
Spear phishing, SIM swapping, Ponzi schemes, fake ICOs
|
Partially reported
|
|
Cohen & Crance, Schnader Harrison Segal & Lewis LLP
|
(2018)
|
Article
|
Law
|
Court cases
|
N/A
|
Bitcoin
|
ICO fraud, unspecified fraud
|
Not reported
|
|
Coulter, Burr Forman LLP
|
(2018)
|
Alert
|
Law
|
Court case
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
Unspecified fraud
|
Not reported
|
|
Crowell & Moring
|
(2018)
|
Alert
|
Law
|
Court case
|
N/A
|
My Big Coin
|
Unspecified fraud
|
Not reported
|
|
Desai et al., Accenture
|
(2019)
|
Report
|
Consulting
|
Threats reported to Retail & Hospitality ISAC
|
N/A
|
Bitcoin, Ethereum
|
Scams, cryptocurrency mining malware, ICO scams
|
Not reported
|
|
Devonshires
|
(2018)
|
Report
|
Law
|
Court case
|
N/A
|
Bitcoin
|
Forex fraud
|
Not reported
|
|
Eversheds Sutherland
|
(2018)
|
Report
|
Law
|
Court case and anecdotal evidence
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
Securities fraud
|
Not reported
|
|
Financial Integrity Network
|
(2018)
|
Alert
|
Investigations and Compliance
|
Loss estimates from other source
|
N/A
|
Bitcoin, Monero, Dash, Counterparty, Ethereum, Openledger
|
ICO scams
|
Not reported
|
|
Global Blockchain Business Council / Accenture
|
(2020)
|
Report
|
Fintech
|
Court cases and statistics from other organisations
|
N/A
|
T-Chits, Bitcoin
|
Unspecified fraud, ICO fraud, phishing
|
Not reported
|
|
Goodlett, DLA Piper
|
(2020)
|
Article
|
Law
|
Court cases
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
High yield investment programme, unspecified fraud, mining scam
|
Not reported
|
|
Halverson, Mclean Roche Consulting
|
(2020)
|
Report (to Australian government)
|
Financial Services
|
Anecdotal evidence
|
N/A
|
Bitcoin, Ethereum, Ripple, Litecoin, Tehter, Bitcoin Cash, Libra, Monero, EOS, Bitcoin SV, Binance Coin,
|
Unspecified fraud, Ponzi scheme
|
Not reported
|
|
Hedrich et al., Marsh & McLennan Companies
|
(2018)
|
Report
|
Consulting
|
Anecdotal evidence
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
Unspecified fraud
|
Not reported
|
|
Insikt Group, Recorded Future
|
(2018)
|
Report
|
Security intelligence
|
IP addresses, social media profiles, case studies
|
N/A
|
Marine Chain, Interstellar / Stellar / HOLD / HUZU
|
Scams
|
Not reported
|
|
Krone, et al.
|
(2018)
|
Article
|
Law
|
Court cases and anecdotal evidence
|
N/A
|
Bitcoin, Monero
|
ICO scam, unspecified fraud, phishing, exchange scams, credential stuffing, pump-and-dumps, cryptojacking
|
Fully reported
|
|
LIFARS
|
(2018)
|
Article
|
Cybersecurity
|
Anecdotal evidence
|
N/A
|
Ethereum (Prodeum)
|
ICO scam
|
Not reported
|
|
Lim et al., Debevoise & Plimpton
|
(2019)
|
Report
|
Law
|
Court cases
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
Unspecified fraud, ICO fraud
|
Not reported
|
|
Lucking and Aravind, Allen & Overy LLP
|
(2019)
|
Chapter
|
Law
|
Court case and anecdotal evidence
|
N/A
|
Bitcoin
|
Thief impersonating federal employee, Ponzi scheme, unspecified fraud, pyramid scheme
|
Not reported
|
|
Mabille, FINATIC
|
(2020)
|
Report
|
FinTech
|
Anecdotal evidence
|
N/A
|
Bitcoin
|
Price suppression/ manipulation by whales, unspecified fraud, impersonation of celebrities, phishing
|
Not reported
|
|
Malyshev, et al., Reed Smith
|
(2018)
|
Article
|
Law
|
Court cases
|
N/A
|
Bitcoin
|
Unspecified fraud and manipulation, 'issuing false account statements in connection with soliciting investments in Bitcoin)
|
Not reported
|
|
McAvoy et al., Nixon Peabody
|
(2018)
|
Article
|
Law
|
Court case
|
N/A
|
Bitcoin
|
Ponzi scheme
|
Not reported
|
|
McGuire, Bromium
|
(2019)
|
Chapter
|
Cybersecurity
|
UK police data
|
N/A
|
Monero, Bitcoin
|
Cryptomining malware, ICO scams, Unspecified fraud
|
Fully reported
|
|
Musiala, et al., AICPA
|
(2020)
|
Report
|
Accounting
|
Court cases and anecdotal evidence
|
N/A
|
Bitcoin, Argyle Coin, PRO Currency, Libra,
|
Ponzi scheme, securities fraud, ICO scam, embezzlement, phishing, SIM swapping, dusting, mining malware, wire fraud, access device fraud, identity theft, ransomware
|
Partially reported
|
|
Parisi et al., Shearman & Sterling
|
(2018)
|
Article
|
Law
|
Court cases and anecdotal evidence
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
Commodity fraud
|
Not reported
|
|
PYMNTS.com / Tulioo
|
(2019)
|
Report
|
AML
|
Anecdotal evidence
|
N/A
|
Ripple, Bitcoin, Bitcoin Cash, Ethereum, Litecoin
|
Unspecified fraud, phishing and malware, exploiting vulnerabilities (hardware, software, etc.), high yield investment programmes, SIM swapping
|
Partially reported
|
|
Reik, Sprott Asset Management
|
(2019)
|
Article
|
Financial Services
|
Anecdotal evidence
|
N/A
|
Bitcoin
|
Unspecified fraud, ICO scams, fake exchanges,
|
Not reported
|
|
Rochemont, Institute and Faculty of Actuaries
|
(2020)
|
Report
|
Accounting
|
Anecdotal evidence
|
N/A
|
Bitcoin, OneCoin, MingoCoin, DasCoin / GreenPower
|
Forex scams, Unspecified fraud, Ponzi schemes, cryptojacking, SIM swapping
|
Not reported
|
|
Shearman & Sterling
|
(2018)
|
Article
|
Law
|
Court cases
|
N/A
|
My Big Coin
|
Unspecified fraud
|
Not reported
|
|
Štefanko, ESET
|
(2018)
|
Research whitepaper / report
|
Cybersecurity
|
Anecdotal evidence
|
N/A
|
Ethereum, Ada (on Cardano blockchain), Bitcoin, Dash, Litecoin, Dogecoin, Bitcoin Cash, Bitcoin Gold, Ripple, Monero
|
Fake cryptocurrency exchange apps/ phishing apps, fake cryptocurrency wallet apps, crypto-mining malware/ cryptojacking, fake crypto miners and free giveaways
|
Partially reported
|
|
Webroot
|
(2018)
|
Whitepaper
|
Cybersecurity
|
Anecdotal evidence
|
N/A
|
Monero, Bitcoin
|
Cryptojacking, giveaway scams on social media, other crypto scams
|
Partially reported
|
|
Wright, Duo Security
|
(2018)
|
Report
|
Cybersecurity
|
Twitter data (used previous study for labelling)
|
Machine learning algorithms: AdaBoost, Logistic Regression, Decision Trees, Random Forest, Naïve Bayes
|
N/A
|
Crypto giveaway scam
|
Fully reported
|
