Table 3 Examples of situational crime prevention intervention strategies to tiger poaching and trafficking
From: Using crime script analysis to elucidate the details of Amur tiger poaching in the Russian Far East
Increase effort | Increase risk | Reduce rewards | Reduce provocations | Remove excuses |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Target harden  N/A | Extend guardianship Increase ranger patrols outside of protected areas (possibly using community groups) Set up cameras at entrance of secondary logging roads | Conceal targets N/A | Reduce frustrations/stress Develop alternative legal and sustainable wildlife/ natural resource economies Pay hunters a winter stipend to reduce need for poaching revenues Pay communities for proof of tiger presence (camera traps with date stamp) Pay communities to assist with reforest old logging roads | Set rules N/A |
Control access to facilities  Encourage forest regeneration programs to reduce presence of logging roads  Prohibit construction of new roads as much as possible  Restrict access to secondary/logging roads  Close forest roads at night  Increase PA coverage | Assist natural surveillance Incentivize citizens to report suspicious behavior or vehicles parked on the side of the road at night System of anonymous tipping to turn poachers in (with reward incentive) | Remove targets N/A | Avoid disputes Mitigate human-wildlife conflict in rural villages, including compensation programs for tigers killing livestock/domestic animals Standardize livestock reporting losses to ensure livestock reimbursement programs | Post instructions Signs in hunting leases saying it is against the law to hunt what you do not possess a permit for |
Screen exists  Increase roadblocks and vehicle checks at night, especially at the confluence of main roads and secondary/logging roads | Reduce anonymity Publicize arrest and conviction of poachers Automated (or manual) number plate readers at key access points | Identify property Use camera trapping to keep records of individual tigers to compare against seizures (although they don’t use the skins) Better accounting of tiger carcasses that are killed in human/wildlife disputes | Reduce temptation/arousal Develop community programs to build dog kennels to reduce dog mortality by tiger Corrals/fences to prevent livestock depredation, especially in winter (reduce free ranging livestock) | Alert conscience Signs in villages describing fine/jail time associated with tiger poaching |
Deflect offenders  Increase wages of wildlife rangers to deter bribery  Increase wages of custom officials at Chinese border as to deter bribery  Rotate personnel to limit impact of corruption | Use place managers Pressure hunting lease managers to better monitor and track sell of hunting permits | Disrupt markets Demand reduction campaign in China Increase enforcement efforts at Russian/Chinese border | Neutralize peer pressure Generate social pressure against poaching through outreach programs Increase effort to stigmatize tiger poaching Link tigers to culture pride/heritage Anti-corruption units to minimize corruption in police culture | Assist compliance N/A |
Control tools/weapons  Make hunting licenses more difficult to acquire  Better accounting for hunting licenses sold and what is subsequently killed  Stricter controls on firearms including more randomized weapon and license checks  Stricter border control and monitoring on the importation of heat vision goggles from China | Strengthen formal surveillance Increase ranger patrols to two officers to discourage intimidation Encourage detecting suspicious foot paths in remote forest areas Increase patrol efforts and roadblocks on main roads to Ussuriysk Increase ranger patrols at night and in winter Increase police presence and raids in Ussuriysk | Deny benefits Maximize efforts to enforce fines and prosecution of poachers | Discourage imitation Increase conviction rate of arrested poachers Increase fines | Control drugs/alcohol N/A |