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Table 5 Effect of gunshots on service and retail establishments by beginning level of gunshots

From: The impact of gunshots on place-level business activity

  

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

  

Establish-ments

Births

Deaths

Sales

Employees

 

Quartile

Poisson FE

FE

Poisson FE

FE

FE

Number of ShotSpotter incidents within 500 ft

1

− 0.005*

− 0.094*

− 0.135**

− 0.012

− 0.213

 

(0.003)

(0.052)

(0.066)

(0.008)

(0.179)

Number of ShotSpotter incidents within 500 ft

2

0.004

− 0.001

0.205

0.001

0.016

 

(0.003)

(0.034)

(0.284)

(0.003)

(0.014)

Number of ShotSpotter incidents within 500 ft

3

0.001

0.001

0.005

0.001

− 0.002

 

(0.001)

(0.031)

(0.026)

(0.001)

(0.003)

Number of ShotSpotter incidents within 500 ft

4

− 0.001

− 0.005

0.075***

0.000

0.003

 

(0.001)

(0.009)

(0.022)

(0.001)

(0.004)

  1. Robust standard errors in parentheses. Fixed effects estimates are clustered at the block level
  2. Number of observations and R2 vary by subgroup, so suppressed for brevity
  3. ***p < 0.01, **p < 0.05, *p < 0.1