Functional and dysfunctional fear of COVID-19: a classification scheme

Crime Science

Table 11 Poisson model of self-reported non-compliance with social distancing

	Coeff.	Std error	P-value	95% CI
Constant	0.26	0.81	0.42	− 0.36	0.87
Knowledge about COVID-19	− 0.10	− 1.59	0.11	− 0.23	0.02
Deterrence (perceived chance of police intervention in the event of non-compliance)^a	− 0.01	− 0.25	0.80	− 0.11	0.08
Perceived legal legitimacy^a	− 0.17	− 2.48	0.01	− 0.31	− 0.04
Perceived police legitimacy^a	0.18	2.56	0.01	0.04	0.31
Social norms regarding social distancing^a	− 0.47	− 6.71	0.00	− 0.61	− 0.34
Expressive function of the law^a	− 0.22	− 4.87	0.00	− 0.31	− 0.13
Functional worry about catching COVID-19	− 0.29	− 2.77	0.01	− 0.50	− 0.09
Dysfunctional worry about catching COVID-19	− 0.16	− 1.45	0.15	− 0.37	0.06
Age gender interaction: 16–24 female^b	− 0.41	− 2.41	0.02	− 0.75	− 0.08
25–44 male^b	− 0.23	− 1.56	0.12	− 0.51	0.06
25–44 female^b	− 0.47	− 3.46	0.00	− 0.74	− 0.20
45–64 male^b	− 0.38	− 1.96	0.05	− 0.75	0.00
45–64 female^b	− 0.98	− 4.57	0.00	− 1.40	− 0.56
65 + male^b	− 0.91	− 1.29	0.20	− 2.29	0.47
65 + female^b	− 0.97	− 1.46	0.14	− 2.28	0.33
City: Cardiff^c	− 0.11	− 0.49	0.62	− 0.55	0.33
Edinburgh^c	− 0.29	− 1.37	0.17	− 0.71	0.13
Glasgow^c	− 0.12	− 0.56	0.57	− 0.52	0.29
Leeds^c	0.10	0.48	0.64	− 0.30	0.49
Liverpool^c	− 0.05	− 0.22	0.83	− 0.45	0.36
London^c	0.23	1.46	0.14	− 0.08	0.53
Manchester^c	− 0.04	− 0.21	0.84	− 0.43	0.35
Newcastle^c	− 0.31	− 1.37	0.17	− 0.76	0.13
Sheffield^c	− 0.25	− 1.08	0.28	− 0.70	0.20
None of these^c	0.05	0.24	0.81	− 0.37	0.48

Poisson regression model estimated using Stata 15. Source: Wave 3 of Policing the pandemic. Total n = 1015
OR odds ratio, CI confidence intervals
* p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001
^aComponent scores saved from principal components analysis
^bReference category: 16–24 male
^cReference category: Birmingham

ISSN: 2193-7680