Table 3 Product-based crime script for production of jaguar paste from live animals with associated responses
From: The production of jaguar paste in Suriname: a product-based crime script
Stages | Steps | Potential responsea |
|---|---|---|
Procure | Find and kill jaguar (see Table 2) | Increase forest patrols Mitigate human-wildlife conflict Embed wildlife ranger in mining/logging camps Link conservation education to cultural beliefs about jaguars Stricter controls on weapons possession in reserves and logging/mining concessions Regular checks along logging/mining roads |
Broker | Contact local Chinese shopkeeper or roving buyer (Chinese/Filipino) to sell carcass Contact person who ordered hunt | Encourage natural surveillance by citizens to report carcasses (i.e. see something, say something) Encourage natural surveillance by citizens to report roving buyers |
Broker (2) | Store carcass in small urban Identify paste processor in Paramaribo | Encourage natural surveillance by citizens to report carcasses (i.e. see something, say something) |
Transport | Move carcass to Paramaribo for processing, switching cars along the way, using scout car to avoid law enforcement (late evening/early morning) | Regular checks along roads linking forests and known transit settlements to Paramaribo Combination overt/covert checks to identify cars turning around before check-points Build list of suspicious vehicle involved in wildlife product movement |
Purchase | Sell carcass to processor | Investigations to identify processor identity and workshop locations (possibly using tracking device on carcass)b |
Process | Boil carcass (meat, skin, bones) down into paste (5–7 days) Sell teeth and claws to other dealer (may happen earlier) | Encourage residents and landlords to report strange smells that last several days Monitor curio shops selling jaguar products |
Package | Put 500Â g of paste into individual pots for sale; store in fridge or freezer | Investigations to identify processors and their workshopsb |
Sell | Sell individual pots to members of the local Chinese community for use locally or for export | Monitor WeChat groups for wildlife productsb Regular checking of stores known for selling jaguar productsb Demand-reduction campaign focused on embassy and in-country professional associationsb |
Export | Place containers in hand luggage and fly to China | Better screening of hold/hand luggage to identify paste (strict enforcement of liquid/gel rules in hand luggage) Look for large quantities of jars when screening luggage Ask questions about tiger balm, wildlife products to identify suspicious persons |
Import | Get containers through Chinese customs | Increased training to identify jaguar paste in regions known for importation (i.e. Zhejiang Province) Build inter-agency network to connect enforcement units in source and demand countries |
Resale | Sell individual pots to local networks in China | Demand-reduction campaignb |