Fig. 3

The inequality of kidnappings across Colombian municipalities in 2002 (left panel) and 2011 (right panel). We plotted the cumulative percentage of kidnappings across municipalities (1–1120) against the cumulative percentage of total municipalities for two separate years. If kidnappings were evenly distributed throughout each and every municipality, the observed line (dotted) would run parallel with the line of equality (45-degree angle). If, however, the observed line (dotted) deviates significantly from the line of equality, then kidnappings are highly concentrated in just a small percentage of municipalities. In both years, kidnappings significantly deviate from the line of equality