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Stage 0: preparatory activities antecedent to the commission of wildlife trafficking
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Crime lifestyle
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Discussion with other members of the criminal net-work about the existing relevant legislation (email)
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Communicative and managerial
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Network lifestyle
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Maintenance of contacts with other members of the criminal network (email, Skype)
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Communicative and managerial
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Lifestyle network
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Formation/existence of a criminal network (email, dedicated forums)
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Organizational and relational
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Crime lifestyle network
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Discussion with criminal peers in order to exchange information on new potential buyers (email)
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Organizational and relational
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Crime
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Identify the location of the animal/plant/product via GPS and web mapping services (e.g. Google Maps)
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Informational and technical
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Lifestyle network
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Signal species that have been recently discovered/that are more rare and valuable (dedicated websites)
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Promotional
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Stage 1: poaching, harvesting, or breeding of the animal/plant
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Network lifestyle
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Share information about the location of the animal/plant/product in its natural environment (dedicated blogs)
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Communicative and managerial
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Crime lifestyle
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Agreement to send animals/plants/products via regu-lar mail among supplier and intermediaries (emails)
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Communicative and managerial
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Crime lifestyle network
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Interaction with potential buyers (auction websites, generalist commercial websites, dedicated commer-cial websites, dedicated forums, reserved area in a website)
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Communicative and managerial; organizational and relational
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Crime network
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Arrange sales of the specimen to intermediaries (international auction websites)
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Organizational and relational
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Crime
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Buy traps and other instruments to poach animals (commercial websites, dedicated forums)
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Informational and technical
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Stage 2: intermediate passage through local intermediaries/the domestic market
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Crime lifestyle
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Discussion with other members of the criminal network about how to ship animal/plant/product in small packages with deceptive labels when sending them through regular mail (email)
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Communicative and managerial
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Crime
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Get information on relevant legislation
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Informational and technical
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Stage 3: passage through regional intermediaries/international traders
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Crime lifestyle
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Discussion with other members of the criminal network about how to ship animal/plant/product in small packages with deceptive labels when sending them through regular mail (email)
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Communicative and managerial
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Crime network
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Agreement to exclude local intermediaries who hesitate due to fear of prosecution over illegal activities (email)
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Organizational and relational
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Crime network
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Arrange sales of the specimen to intermediaries (international auction websites)
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Organizational and relational
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Crime lifestyle
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Advertise availability of new animals/plants/products (dedicated forums)
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Promotional
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Stage 4: intermediate passage through local intermediaries/the domestic market
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Network lifestyle
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Share information about the location of the animal/plant/product in its natural environment (dedicated blogs)
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Communicative and managerial
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Crime lifestyle
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Discuss prices/meeting places in the physical world to complete the deal (emails)
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Communicative and managerial
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Crime lifestyle
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Discussion with other members of the criminal network about how to ship animal/plant/ product in small packages with deceptive labels when sending them through regular mail (email)
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Communicative and managerial
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Crime lifestyle
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Agreement among criminal peers to physically meet and exchange animals/plants/products (private messaging in dedicated commercial websites, email)
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Communicative and managerial
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Crime lifestyle
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Agreement to send animals/plants/products via regular mail among supplier/intermediaries (emails)
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Communicative and managerial
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Crime
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Sell animals/plants/products on auction websites (e.g. eBay)
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Communicative and managerial
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Crime lifestyle network
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Interaction with potential buyers (auction websites, generalist commercial websites, dedicated commer-cial websites, dedicated forums, reserved area in a website)
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Communicative and managerial; organizational and relational
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Lifestyle network
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Forward emails from suppliers who can fulfill orders from potential customers (email)
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Communicative and managerial; organizational and relational
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Lifestyle network
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Inform potential clients/intermediaries on updated prices (emails)
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Communicative and managerial; promotional
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Stage 4: intermediate passage through local intermediaries/the domestic market (continued)
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Crime network
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Agreement to exclude local intermediaries who hesi-tate due to fear of prosecution over illegal activities (email)
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Organizational and relational
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Network crime
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Search for new suppliers (emails, dedicated forums)
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Organizational and relational
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Crime
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Arrange sales of the animal/plant/product to final buyers (international auction websites)
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Organizational and relational
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Crime network
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Put costumers directly in contact with intermediaries or suppliers (emails)
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Organizational and relational
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Crime
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Use of Google translator to post announcements in different languages
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Informational and technical
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Crime
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Get information on specific species (on their morphology and on how to breed them)
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Informational and technical
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Crime
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Get information on relevant legislation
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Informational and technical
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Crime
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Automated sell of the animal/plant/product (order form on dedicated commercial website)
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Informational and technical
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Crime
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Monitor the delivery via regular mail
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Informational and technical
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Crime
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Payment (prepaid cards to be recharged online)
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Informational and technical
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Crime lifestyle
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Contact directly consumers reassuring them that without documents the price is significantly lower (emails, dedicated forum)
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Persuasive
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Crime lifestyle
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Discuss with potential customers the absence of required documentation (emails)
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Persuasive
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Crime lifestyle
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Reassure customers about the quality of the animal/plant/product (commercial website, auction website)
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Persuasive
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Crime lifestyle
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Attempt to cover the criminal act by claiming that animals/plants/products have been imported in the past with CITES certificates but they have been all given to others (dedicated website)
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Persuasive
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Lifestyle network
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Advertising fairs and exhibitions (dedicated websites, dedicated forums)
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Promotional
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Crime lifestyle
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Advertise availability of new animals/plants/products (dedicated forums)
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Promotional
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Stage 5: distribution of the animal/plant/product
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Crime lifestyle
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Discuss prices/meeting places in the physical world to complete the deal (emails)
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Communicative and managerial
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Crime lifestyle
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Order/reserve a specific animal/plant/product (com-mercial websites, dedicated forums, email)
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Communicative and managerial; organizational and relational
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Crime
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Monitor the delivery via regular mail
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Informational and technical
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Crime
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Payment (prepaid cards to be recharged online)
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Informational and technical
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Crime lifestyle
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Contact directly consumers reassuring them that without documents the price is significantly lower (emails, dedicated forum)
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Persuasive
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Crime lifestyle
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Discuss with potential customers the absence of required documentation (emails)
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Persuasive
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Crime lifestyle
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Reassure customers about the quality of the animal/plant/product (commercial website, auction website)
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Persuasive
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Stage 6: activities that are directly consequential or subsequent to the trafficking activity
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Lifestyle network
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Buy accessories/ share videos and pictures in cases of zooerasty where wildlife animals are involved (dedicated forums, deep web)
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Informational and technical; organizational and relational
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Crime
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Monitor the delivery via regular mail
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Informational and technical
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Crime Lifestyle
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Attempt to cover the criminal act by claiming that animals/plants/products have been imported in the past with CITES certificates but they have been all given to others (dedicated website)
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Persuasive
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