Table 2 Types of counterfeiting (Adapted from [Spink[2007],[2009b]])
From: Development of a product-counterfeiting incident cluster tool
Term | Definition |
|---|---|
Adulteration | A component of the legitimate finished product is fraudulent. |
Tamper | Legitimate product and package are used in a fraudulent way. |
Over-run | Legitimate product is made in excess of production agreements. |
Theft | Legitimate product is stolen and passed off as legitimately procured. |
Diversion | The sale or distribution of legitimate product outside of intended markets. |
Simulation | Illegitimate product is designed to look like but not exactly copy the legitimate product. |
Counterfeit (IPR) | All aspects of the fraudulent product and package are fully replicated, specifically intellectual property rights infringement of violating trademark, patent, and copyright laws. |