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Table 2 Preliminary evidence test

From: Five tests for a theory of the crime drop

Hypotheses

Levitt2004review

Blumstein & Rosenfeld2008review

This study

Strong economy

x

x

x

Concealed weapons laws

x

x

x

Capital punishment

x

x

x

Gun control laws

x

x

x

Rising prison population

✔

✔

✔

Policing strategies

x

x

✔

More police

✔

x

✔

Legalization of abortion

✔

x

✔

Immigration

–

–

✔

Consumer confidence

–

✔

✔

Waning crack market

✔

✔

✔

Childhood lead

–

x

✔

Changing demographics

x

x

✔

Civilizing process

–

–

✔

Improved security

–

–

✔

  1. Legend: ✔ = Pass. x = Fail. ‘–’ = not applicable.