Table 4 A crime script on the process of spiny-tailed lizard oil sales via YouTube

Preparation

Online transaction preparation:

• Set up communications accounts (cellphone, WhatsApp)

• Set up payment accounts: uses Moneygram, Western Union, and bank transfers; not all channels describe payment systems

• Set up shipping accounts uses DHL for international shipping and Tranzum Courrier Service (TCS) in Pakistan; not all channels describe shipping methods

• Acquire shipping materials (foam, envelopes)

Retail transaction preparation:

• Establish retail store that allows walk-in customers to purchase sanda oil (buy or rent store space, set up displays, operate store during business hours)

Advertisement preparation:

• Create YouTube Channel with potential linked social media accounts (Facebook, Instagram, Twitter)

• Acquire device with video filming capability (likely cellphone)

• Plan what to film in video and how to film it (for example, demonstration of oil production to show oil is 100% pure sanda, or display of live sandas and discussion of sanda oil health benefits, or demonstration of sanda trapping, etc.)

• Original Sanda Oil includes screenshots of DHL shipping info and texts with customers

• Be mindful of YouTube policies that prohibit cutting live animals in videos

• Blur images of bloody lizards

• Live lizards cut open in videos

• Plan for what will be said during video: sales pitches, anecdotal information, reminders to subscribe to the channel and share the video, how to contact sellers, how to make a purchase, delivery information

• Assemble supplies needed for lizard oil production or other demonstration that will be filmed for video

• Find suitable location for filming

• Find someone to film the video

• Film video

• Edit video into advertisement; regularly display contact info and logos in bold letters and colors

Transaction and some steps of advertisement preparation: Location with reliable internet access

Advertisement filming:

• Outdoor location, possibly near home or business

• Poaching videos filmed outdoors in lizard habitat; other demonstration videos filmed indoors

• Most videos filmed indoors in retail store; small number filmed outdoors showing oil production

• All channels’ videos presumably filmed in Pakistan

Time of day: Daylight for making of outdoor advertisement videos; Indoor videos could be any time of day

Time of year: Video production may correspond with seasonal lizard poaching

• One male individual demonstrates sanda's qualities and lizard oil production throughout advertisements, narrates video, and offers to be contacted regarding sales; face is seen

• One male individual films the video; another male (possibly videographer) holds up bottles of oil to the camera; unknown if these individuals and/or others set up the accounts for transactions or participated in other preparation steps

• One male individual narrates and appears in videos showing lizard poaching and oil production; second unknown individual likely films video

• One male individual narrates and appears in videos discussing sandas, other animals and oil production. At least one other individual is visible assisting with taking videos and other tasks

Pre-activity

• Post advertisement to YouTube channel

• Respond to questions in YouTube comments

Location with reliable internet access; all videos presumably posted from Pakistan

Anytime of day or night with internet access

Video narration suggests the individuals appearing in the videos also participate in the posting process; unknown how many others also are involved

Activity

• Engage in sales process via cellphone and WhatsApp (take orders, explain payment options, get shipping info, etc.)

• Engage in sales process with walk-in customers at retail store

• Take payment in advance for international online oil orders via Moneygram, Western Union and bank transfers,

• Accept cash-on-delivery orders in Pakistan

• Keep anonymity of customers

• Location with reliable internet access

• Retail shop is selling various animal products

• Shop is located in front of Sharda Station in Lahore, Pakistan

Anytime of day or night with internet access

Video narration suggests the individuals appearing in the videos also participate in the sales process; unknown how many others also are involved

Post-Activity

• Package bottles in bubble wrap, cello tape, waterproof bag used for international shipping

• Normal single bag used for shipping in Pakistan

• Ship orders via DHL (international) and Tranzum Courrier Service (TCS) (within Pakistan) (cash on delivery)

• Supply documents for delivery abroad

• Customers leave reviews in YouTube comments or via text to sellers

• Sellers respond to customer reviews

• Not all channels describe post-sale activities

• Near shipping location for DHL and TCS services

• Video and comments discuss shipping internationally to: USA, Canada, UK, Germany, Netherlands, Australia, Singapore, Malaysia, Nepal, UAE, Oman, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Qatar, Bangladesh, India (Mumbai, Amritsar, Punjab, Jammu Kashmir, Haryana, Patiala, and other locations)

• Shipping within Pakistan (Islamabad, Karachi, Lahore, Rawalpindi, and other locations)

• No shipping to Israel

Times when DHL and TCS services are available to make outgoing shipments

Video narration suggests the male individual appearing in the videos participates in the shipping process; unknown how many others also are involved